Slavery Racism in America Through Time Free Essays

Subjection RACISM IN AMERICA THROUGH TIME Slavery Racism In America Through Time AMENDMENT I †to the Bill of Rights, the option to have the option to settle on your own decisions about your life†¦ In such a large number of words that is valid. The primary revision discusses the right to speak freely of discourse, opportunity of religion and opportunity of appeal, however who did this relate to? Not every person was advantaged to these rights, which is dismal when in today’s society; we have such a great amount to be appreciative for. Our privileges are being watched, battled for by a huge number of people in the Armed Forces day and night, and have been for a considerable length of time, yet since 1865, the battle for correspondence didn't exist. We will compose a custom paper test on Bondage Racism in America Through Time or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now So today there is a soul that America has, called Patriotism, which implies something else now than it did before 1865. Today we have comfort and motivation to live here; a reason. Coming into this world as a dark, white, earthy colored, green, or orange individual, we as a whole have a decision with respect to who we need to become, and how we need to give orders, on the off chance that we need to be legal advisors, cops, judges, servers, or run for the leader of the United States. Did it ever happen to you, that before you and I and our grandparents were conceived, no of this was an alternative? Individuals had kids for one explanation; whites had youngsters to raise and become the proprietors of their manors relying upon the sex of the kid. On the off chance that you were an African American slave, you were brought into the world an African American slave. No decisions! We as a whole have options now. The wreckage it took to get America to where we are today is an astonishing experience that will be and experience to expound on. Prior to the reproduction in 1865, African Americans were treated in manners relying upon their lords. The power the experts had over their slaves, made it simple for them to exploit the circumstance by pounding them and being torn by hounds, which is the thing that one slave said that lived to reveal to her story during a meeting by Ila B. Prine in a Federal Writing Project in 1937. Noble cause Andersen lived in Mobile Alabama, and was supposed to be 101 years of age. The greater part of the previous slaves during this task were near exceptionally old if not more established. They discuss broken English, however not of a language of a nation, yet of lack of education. The slaves were not given training rights, for hemselves or youngsters. They were just given on this planet something to do for the white man. There were additionally the slaves who had a superior lifestyle in light of the fact that their lords felt that abusing their slaves would not make for a wise venture for their future if necessary to sell them later. The slaves would should be sound and dedicated, polite, and tru sted. To beat, and â€Å"feed them to the dogs†, as Charity very much expressed, would not advance more work out of the slaves either. In these meetings the slaves talked about opportunity after the liberation as though they had never left. They were liberated, however, right? They had decisions to proceed onward and make a greater amount of their lives, yet most were neglectful of what was out there. They lived alone, never figured out how to peruse or compose, yet talked about opportunity as it being the best thing that at any point occurred. Okay concur? Annulling subjection didn't mean the white man acknowledged the dark man into their reality. This brought disdain, grotesqueness into society more than could be envisioned. The counter dark uproars started the late spring of the Elections of 1866. Many were executed and harmed. All things considered, African Americans didn't quit any pretense of battling for equivalent rights from the earliest starting point of the reproduction. The Fourteenth Amendment was approved which permitted African American’s that were conceived in America to be called U. S. residents, yet were constrained to their sacred rights. Despite the fact that they continued getting beat down, they requested the option to cast a ballot, and in 1870, at long last, the fifteenth amendment was confirmed and gave the appropriate for dark guys to cast a ballot. (Davidson, 481) The way that the dark man had the option to cast a ballot implied a ton, however I don't get that's meaning to the remainder of the African Americans? To the ladies? Ladies were as yet not thought about equivalent to man. It was not until 50 years after the fact until the nineteenth amendment allowed ladies the option to cast a ballot. There were a great deal of stops and fastens free the consitution, and with each state being able to change inside it’s own, made it hard to play the equity game. Regardless of where you went Democratic gatherings were attempting to wean out the rights for the African Americans. â€Å"Separate yet Equal† was the new Democratic running motto. Today this amounts to nothing. At that point it implied seperating the blacks and the whites as long as theywere rewarded equivalent. The fourteenth amendment was restricted to ensuring residents social liberties by states not by individials. Isolation was sanctioned in 1896, however for instance, Mississippi’s new state constitution expected voters to pay a cost and required all voters to breeze through an education assessment. This disposed of an incredible larger part of dark voters. How is this not setting them up for disappointment? Entanglement at its best! At that point by1908, crusades that put a to confine casting a ballot has one in each southern state. The â€Å"color blind† constitution was a piece of African American advancement for the following 100 years, which will bring us past to our future astounding life as we are presently! Not just giving African American men the option to cast a ballot, yet ladies, had a major effect on the political society. This legitimized women’s interest in all area’s of society. For instance, African Americans were all the while getting refused any assistance in specific expresses that was saved underground for a while. Correspondent Peter Buxton, a Public Health Investigator uncovered that 399 African American men were contaminated with syphilis close to Tuskegee, Alabama in 1932. They were being denied clinical treatment with the goal that impacts of the illness could be considered. This thusly finished in 1972. In 1997 President Clinton apologized to a portion of the American individuals by expressing the a portion of the examinations were not secretive, and not just on African Americans. Fundamentally sharing the riches among the whites, consume casualties and so forth. The families that were there were as yet ignorant of what experiement they were getting into. (P*, 1994-1995) There was such a great amount for the dark man and lady to abandon. Since subjection the whit man has been attempting to force the dark man to leave the nation, out of the business world, out of the lodging market, the harvest advertise, the economy, away from casting a ballot; has that halted the person in question? What is straightaway? The Klu Klux Klan must be the most dug alligience that lynched African Americans and they developed everywhere throughout the United States after World War I. The KKK Lynched more than 70 African Americans, leaving 11 consumed alive. The mid 50’s were times additionally when men were lynched for â€Å"imagined† violations. Only for conceivable taking a gander at somebody. There is a tale about a dark man in North Carolina furrowing a field. He was blamed for taking a gander at a white lady strolling close by the field, when he was presumably simply taking a gander at the bovines butt. He was discovered blame for â€Å"leering† at her. He was given a long jail sentence. The dark people despite everything represented what they had confidence in. In 1955, Rosa Parks, well, she plunked down for what she had confidence in. She was worn out in the wake of a difficult day at work, and would not surrender her seat on a transport in Alabama, which defied a law that necessary blacks to surrender their seats to white individuals when transports were full. She was captured, which caused a 381-day blacklist, that brought about the Supreme Court restricting isolation on open transportation. Rosa Parks was a sewer who helped flash the social equality development of the 1960’s. (America’s Story) Regardless, African Amercians were pushing to be separated of American culture, and EQUAL piece of Amerian culture. Since we are for the most part Americans. By the mid 1960’s, African Americans were moving to urban focuses in the Northest, the Midwest and the Far West of the United States. At that point by the 1970’s, the pattern was known as the â€Å"Sun Belt† wonder. (Davidson, 831) The urban communities were declining, the whites were moving out and the blacks, and hispanics were moving in. There was such a great amount in Americas society that the African American brought to the table after we had moved in. In 1967, Thurgood Marshall was the primary African American Supreme Court Justice. He spent numerous years on the National Association for Colored People, and contended that isolated schools for youngsters was against consittutional rights. The Supreme Court concurred. We despite everything had our terrible occasions, 1968, Springfield riots, Martin Luther King death, the just show in Chicago, ect. , however will it ever end? We have such a great amount of still to battle for thus does the dark man. We at last have our first African American President of the United States of America. Does it end here? No! It won't! Since Barak Obama won't. This paper remains behind each dark man amd lady and a big motivator for they. They ought to never surrender for what they have faith in. Have confidence in our nation and where you stand. To come the extent that bondage, to be conceived and realize you will be 4 years of age and stripping potatoes shoeless and picking corn in the fields without suppers for quite a long time, resting on hardwood floors and calling that typical, at that point calling opportunity, sitting in your family room reluctant to stroll outside and go across the road since you can not peruse the road signs. Their opportunity was never given in each sense it could have been similar to we have it. References Lester, J.. (2009, September). Upsetting White People. The Horn Book magazine, 85(5), 507-508. Recovered September 29, 2009, from Research Library. (Record ID: 1845601651). †African American writing. † ClassicLayout. World Book, 2009. Web . 29 September. 2009. Americaâ�

Marijuana Legalization Essay examples -- Marijuana Law Reform, 2015

In the U.S. today, the utilization of recreational medications and enactment concerning them spins vigorously around the most utilized unlawful substance, pot. Weed is otherwise called cannabis, just as a huge number of different names, as it is gotten from one of the three Cannabis plants: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis’ fame can to a great extent be certify to its THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content. THC is the primary psychoactive part found in cannabis that creates the â€Å"high† that weed clients may understanding. The medication is most generally folded into a â€Å"joint†, or weed cigarette, and smoked. While weed may give its clients a believing an elation, it gives administrators cerebral pains as it presents a few social and legitimate challenges. In the United States, laws with respect to cannabis differ from state to state, yet the medication is commonly unlawful all through the nation. Decriminalization in numerous states takes into account more liberated cannabis utilization, and clinical maryjane takes into account patients to allow endorsed drugs with no issue. With the relative accessibility for weed notwithstanding its lawful standing, clear social imperatives are tons of society. Cannabis has for quite some time been utilized as a restorative specialist. The primary employments of clinical pot can be followed to the Chinese ruler Shen Neng, and this training dates as far back as 2700 B.C.. The utilization of clinical pot has spread from China to India, to antiquated Rome, and afterward through Asia, Europe, and Africa. The plant was utilized to treat any number of diseases, including â€Å"gout, intestinal sickness, beriberi, stiffness, and, inquisitively, poor memory† (Understanding Marijuana 11). Cannabis was likewise utilized as a painkiller, a sedative, and even as a solution for tooting. Today, the ... ...om/time/country/article/0,8599,1912113,00.html>. Nakaya, Andrea C. Maryjane. San Diego, CA: ReferencePoint, 2007. Print. National Institute on Drug Abuse - The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Recommendation 19. Voter Information Guide November 2, 2010 | California Secretary of State. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Robison, Jennifer. Many years of Drug Use: Data From the '60s and '70s. Gallup.Com - Daily News, Polls, Public Opinion on Government, Politics, Economics, Management. 2 July 2002. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Decisions in favor of AND AGAINST NOVEMBER 2, 2010, STATEWIDE BALLOT MEASURES. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Maryjane Legalization Essay models - Marijuana Law Reform, 2015 In the U.S. today, the utilization of recreational medications and enactment concerning them spins vigorously around the most utilized illicit substance, maryjane. Weed is otherwise called cannabis, just as a huge number of different names, as it is gotten from one of the three Cannabis plants: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis’ notoriety can to a great extent be authorize to its THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content. THC is the fundamental psychoactive segment found in cannabis that delivers the â€Å"high† that weed clients may understanding. The medication is most ordinarily folded into a â€Å"joint†, or weed cigarette, and smoked. While weed may give its clients a believing a happiness, it gives officials cerebral pains as it presents a few social and legitimate troubles. In the United States, laws with respect to maryjane change from state to state, yet the medication is commonly unlawful all through the nation. Decriminalizati on in numerous states considers more liberated cannabis utilization, and clinical maryjane takes into account patients to allow endorsed drugs with no issue. With the relative accessibility for pot in spite of its lawful standing, clear social imperatives are tons of society. Cannabis has for quite some time been utilized as a therapeutic operator. The primary employments of clinical pot can be followed to the Chinese head Shen Neng, and this training dates as far back as 2700 B.C.. The utilization of clinical weed has spread from China to India, to old Rome, and afterward through Asia, Europe, and Africa. The plant was utilized to treat any number of diseases, including â€Å"gout, jungle fever, beriberi, stiffness, and, inquisitively, poor memory† (Understanding Marijuana 11). Weed was additionally utilized as a painkiller, a sedative, and even as a solution for tooting. Today, the ... ...om/time/country/article/0,8599,1912113,00.html>. Nakaya, Andrea C. Pot. San Diego, CA: ReferencePoint, 2007. Print. National Institute on Drug Abuse - The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Suggestion 19. Voter Information Guide November 2, 2010 | California Secretary of State. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Robison, Jennifer. Many years of Drug Use: Data From the '60s and '70s. Gallup.Com - Daily News, Polls, Public Opinion on Government, Politics, Economics, Management. 2 July 2002. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. . Decisions in favor of AND AGAINST NOVEMBER 2, 2010, STATEWIDE BALLOT MEASURES. Web. 30 Sept. 2011. .

Identifying Fake News An Infographic and Educator Resources

Identifying Fake News An Infographic and Educator Resources (3) We recently posted, “10 Ways to Spot a Fake News Article,” which highlighted key items to look for on a website when determining its credibility. The infographic found here summarizes the content from the blog post and students can use it as a guide when using news sources in research. Post, print, or share it with your students or others! Looking for other resources related to website credibility? We’ve listed some of our favorites below the infographic! Channel One News: Lesson Plan: How to Spot Fake News This lesson plan, by Channel One News (a Houghton Mifflin Harcourt company), includes discussion questions, a writing activity, and a video that can be shown to students to help them understand that they shouldn’t believe everything that they read or hear. It highlights fake information posted on social media sites and also discusses how “official” looking news sites could actually be fake. The News Literacy Project’s Ten Questions for Fake News Detection This checklist can be distributed to students to help them determine if a news article is fake or not. We love how they included red flags throughout the checklist. Too many red flags circled? This means that the website the student is rating most likely contains false information! Websites to Test Your Students Have you seen our blog post, “How Savvy Are Your Students?: 7 Fake Websites to Really Test Their Evaluation Skills.”? The websites listed on this blog post all contain incorrect information. See if your students are able to put the pointers from the infographic to the test and catch on that these sites are not credible. Skills and Strategies: Fake News vs. Real News: Determining the Reliability of Sources This page includes the TED-Ed videos, How to Choose Your News, and How False News Can Spread. It also features discussion questions for students to answer, as well as an activity where students are asked to impose a 48-hour news blackout. Related blog posts: 10 Ways to Spot a Fake News Article How Savvy are Your Students?: 7 Fake Websites to Really Test Their Evaluation Skills

Essay on Theory X and Theory Y - 1295 Words

Theory X and Theory Y, developed by Douglas McGregor, grew out of opposition towards classical management methods. Classical management theorists, such as Fredrick Taylor, focused on scientific training and efficiency and did not account for personal and behavioral issues, such as management styles or job satisfaction. McGregor saw these deficiencies in the classical school of management which lead him to develop a theory of management that would factor the importance of the individual worker. If a manager could tap into the feelings and attitudes of their workers, then the manager would be able increase their employee’s motivation which would then increase production. McGregor’s theory viewed the employee as a person and not as a machine†¦show more content†¦Theory X was labeled by McGregor as being a â€Å"hard† style of management, where hard meant that management would have close supervision on its workers, as well as having strong control and coerci on. He determined that a hard style would not be effective for production and organization that practiced this style would have restricted output and workers would distrust management, therefore there would be a need for a softer side of management. McGregor based his evaluation of Theory X manager’s on Abrahams Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory (Barnett). As stated earlier, only when the basic needs are met, then a person will be motivated to pursue the next level. McGregor stated that because most workers have basic physical and safety needs met, he/she will only be motivated to satisfy higher needs, such as esteem and self actualization. Therefore, management must be able to provide workers with opportunities to satisfy their higher needs or they will not be motivated to perform their organizational duties (Barnett). Because Theory X fails to satisfy the higher needs of the worker, a different set of assumptions need to be made to account for them, thus McGregor developed an alternative he called Theory Y. Theory Y was created by McGregor because he believed that its assumptions would lead to a more effective style of management. McGregor stated that peoples work effort was asShow MoreRelatedThe Theory X And Theory Y985 Words   |  4 PagesDouglas McGregor, a social psychologist in the 1960’s, developed two theories for workplace employees (Theory X and Theory Y, 1996-2016). Theory X describes employees as unmotivated, irresponsible, they need to be controlled, and they dislike working. Theory Y describes employees as responsible, enthusiastic, motivated, and imaginative. As an employee, not in a Management position, I can say I appreciate a manager who follows the Theory Y description. Since I feel that way as an employee, I will striveRead MoreTheory X, Theory Y1389 Words   |  6 PagesTheory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role for managers. He stated that managers should assist subordinates in reaching their full potential, rather than commanding and controlling. Theory X is negative and Theory Y canRead MoreTheory X and Y1382 Words   |  6 Pagesdouglas mcgregor - theory x y Douglas McGregor s XY Theory, managing an X Theory boss, and William Ouchi s Theory Z Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book The Human Side Of Enterprise . Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor s X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positiveRead MoreNursing Administration Theory X, Y and Z978 Words   |  4 PagesTHEORY X, Y AND Z IN NURSING ADMINISTRATION According to Mc Gregor, the traditional manager in a bureaucracy operates on a set of assumptions about human nature and human behaviour, which was called as Theory X. Accordingly, his assumptions are the following: (1) the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it, if he can, when possible; (2) Because of dislike of a work, most people must be coaxed, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get throughRead MoreThe Theory X And Theory Y Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagessatisfaction from performing their duties well. Such employees are innately motivated (Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y, 2015). Other employees are never proud of their work. They simply work because they believe that they cannot survive without their jobs. Such employees are externally motivated (they require an outside force to compel them to perform their duties) (Theory X and Theory Y: Understanding Team Member Motivation, 2016). These ideas about employee behavi or and much more have beenRead MoreTheory X And Y : Theories1385 Words   |  6 PagesIndividual Assignment Theory X and Y are theories founded by Douglas McGregor, a professor from MIT Sloan School of Management, which are inscribed in his book, â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise† in 1960. This essay will explain about the theories used in human resources, which according to McGregor are vital in the success of one’s company. Theory X is the theory who assume people to dislike work or just want to work if they received orders from superiors. While the theory Y assumes people love toRead MoreThe Theory X And Theory Y871 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to the Topic Through reading and studying the textbook and the websites - from the course materials - I have gained greater understanding and appreciation for leadership’s relation to trust, the managerial viewpoints behind Theory X and Theory Y, and the relationship of types of power to leadership within organizational development. The thread will contain three major sections, in which I will define, examine, and analyze the three concepts and evaluate their importance to organizationsRead MoreTheory X and Theory Y2017 Words   |  9 Pages McGregor (1960) described two views on human motivation: Theory X and Y. Theory X, the more conventional one, holds the view that people are in themselves not intrinsically motivated to work and even attempt to avoid it, that people have no ambition, are resistant to change, are not particularly intelligent and that people only work for money and security. Management’s objective is to direct employees efforts, motivating them, controlling them and modifying their behavior to ensure that they behaveRead MoreTheory X and Y901 Words   |  4 Pagesknow that this is sometimes referred to as a theory X approach, and you know that a more participative management approach is called theory Y. However, you have not taken the management course that covers these topics. Using the library and Internet resources, you are to write a 500–750-word research paper that compares theory X to theory Y in terms of management styles. Specifically, you are to include the following requirements: Explain each theory. Create a chart that shows the pros and consRead MoreMcGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y800 Words   |  4 PagesMcGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Introduction Human beings have been studied systematically and objectively for many years to determine if they are resistant to work or self-governing. In addition, managers who tend to utilize McGregor’s Theory X generally receive poor results from their employees. This report essay will address McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y in contrasts to include how these theories benefit the criminal justice system. The sections that will be discussed are: Theory X, Theory Y,

A Midsummers Nights Dream by William Shakespeare Essay

A Midsummers Nights Dream by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote a midsummers night dream in 1595. He wrote this comedy to celebrate the marriage of a noble man. An important guest at the wedding was Elizabeth 1st. The play describes the adventures of two sets of lovers as they pass through the forest outside Athens, they are misused by immortals Oberon the fairy king and puck his messenger. To get revenge on his wife Titania, Oberon misuses Bottom a labourer. The love tangles are all resolved at the end of the play when love rules all end married and happy. Shakespeare wishes his audience to enjoy the falling in and out of love of the characters. His message is that true love†¦show more content†¦Though hideous with the head of an ass fixed upon his shoulders she thinks of him. What angel wakes me from my bed? Titania wakes up with the juice controlling her, she has no choice over what she is about to do. The man she loves and adores is filthy and disgusting he also has an asss head on his shoulders, but she still calls him an angel. Her husband must be some sad person to allow this to carry on. It seems odd that anyone would allow this to carry on seen as they are married, its also very unkind that Oberon allows his wife to find someone else attractive. While Oberon enjoys his wife predicament he tells puck to stop Demetrias from treating Helena so badly by putting the love juice on to Demetrias eyes. If Oberon had not interfered, a lot of the play would not of happened. Shakespeare uses Oberon as the centre character around whom the story resolves. Oberon is a man of many parts. As his mood changes so do his actions, as his actions change so does the atmosphere of each scene. When we first meet Oberon, he is sarcastic and angry towards his wife Titania. Puck had warned that it would be better if the king and fairy queen did not meet. The king doth keep his revels here to-night. Take heed the queen come not within his sight; For Oberon is passing and wrath,Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet, King Lear, And A Midsummer s Night Dream1037 Words   |  5 Pagesof Avon, commonly known as William Shakespeare is one of the best known playwrights in the (Video). A few of his most famous plays include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, and A Midsummer’s Night Dream (McArthur). Although he was popular during his time, Shakespeare’s influence continued to grow after his death and today he well known around the world. He added 2,000 words to the English dictionary and he is the 2nd most quoted after the Bible (Video). Shakespeare is one of the most influentialRead More Night in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesNight in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream One of the recurring themes throughout Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is the time of day during which the play’s major action takes place: night. This being the case, there are certain words that are directly linked to this theme that appear numerous times throughout the script. Four such words are â€Å"moon,† â€Å"moonlight,† â€Å"moonshine,† and â€Å"lunatic.† Each comes from a feminine root that serves to identify the women in the play asRead MoreDefining The Terms Renaissance And Humanism854 Words   |  4 PagesAriadne (2016). 4. Who was Shakespeare, and how many plays did he write? Shakespeare (perhaps the greatest playwright in history) wrote thirty-seven plays during his lifetime, according to the Internet Shakespeare Editions article â€Å"Fast Facts about Shakespeare†. 5. What is the setting of Romeo and Juliet? According to Romeo and Juliet (Modern) by William Shakespeare, the setting of William Shakespeare s famous play Romeo and Juliet lie in Verona (Internet Shakespeare Editions). 6. What is the plotRead MoreDefining The Terms Renaissance And Humanism875 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Bacchus and Ariadne (Wethy, 2016) 4. Who was Shakespeare, and how many plays did he write? Shakespeare, perhaps the greatest and most well-known poet of all time, wrote thirty-seven plays during his lifetime, according to the Internet Shakespeare Editions article â€Å"Fast Facts about Shakespeare†. Notably, some of his most famous works are Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, a Midsummer’s Night Dream, and Julius Caesar (Internet Shakespeare Editions). 5. What is the setting of Romeo andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life Experiences997 Words   |  4 Pages Kemal 1 Ayesha Kemal Mrs. Holcombe Period: 7 10/05/14 Shakespeare’s Life Experiences William Shakespeare was born on April 26, 1564 to John and Mary Shakespeare. As a child Shakespeare grew up in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon in the United Kingdom. He grew up attending a school called King Edward VI School, where he learned to read, write, and use proper grammar. He continued to attend school until his family had some economic hardships and he was unable to attend university. Instead he got marriedRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream : Reality Versus Fantasy1079 Words   |  5 PagesFantasy In William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream,† he tells a tragic yet, comical tale that toys with the boundaries between realism and the fantastic. The play depicts the theme of how reality can often be manipulated by a fantasy due to the results of magical occurrences in the woods. Although the natural world we live in does not contain magic happenings, the play allows the audience to run wild with imagination and essentially invites them into this surreal dream. Shakespeare developsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1162 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet Analysis Every human being dreams of falling in love one day, where you find the one that you’re destined to spend the rest of your life with. While we may experience this emotion sometime or another in our lifetime, it is very difficult for many to express it in words. Although many writers and poets have explored this theme, none have portrayed it as intensely as William Shakespeare has in Romeo and Juliet. The story of two star-crossed lovers that were doomed from the very beginningRead MoreShakespeares Definition of Love in Sonnet Number 116 and 130883 Words   |  4 PagesNumber 116 and 130 Sonnet number one hundred sixteen and number one hundred thirty provide a good look at what Shakespeare himself defines as love. The former describes the ever-enduring nature of true love, while the latter gives an example of this ideal love through the description of a woman who many call the â€Å"Dark Lady†. Through the combination of these two sonnets Shakespeare provides a consistent picture of what love should be like in order to â€Å"bear it out even to the edge of doom†(116Read MoreTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare First impressions of Twelfth Night can be deceiving as on a simplistic level it can be portrayed as a typical Shakespearean comedy. However, Twelfth Night is a mixture of both romantic comedy and tragedy. The romantic comedy elements can be found throughout the play as its structure is based on a typical Elizabethan style, it has escapism with magical settings and happy endings, as is Midsummers Night Dream. Also Twelfth night hasRead More A Midsummer Night’s Dream - The Feminist Subtext Essay1905 Words   |  8 PagesThe Feminist Subtext of A Midsummer Nights Dream    Shakespeares works have persistently influenced humanity for the past four hundred years. Quotations from his plays are used in many other works of literature and some common phrases have even become integrated into the English language. Most high schoolers have been unsuccessful in avoidance of him and college students are rarely afforded the luxury of choice when it comes to studying the bard. Many aspects of Shakespeares works have been

Dramaturgical Perspective Free Essays

Dramaturgical Perspective The dramaturgical perspective was developed primarily by Sociologist, Erving Goffman who recast the theatrical metaphor dramaturgy into a sociological term, meaning that social life is like a drama or stage play where intricacies of social interaction could be observed and analyzed, and people can perform in a manner that communicates how they would like others to perceive of them. Goffman stated that, â€Å"All actions are social performances that aim to give off and maintain certain desired impressions of the self to others† (Crossman, 2012). Central to dramaturgy are the front and back regions. We will write a custom essay sample on Dramaturgical Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now The front region is in essence the stage where the performance occurs. Examples of the front region are the teacher’s classroom, the public speaker’s podium, and the waiter’s restaurant dining room. It’s what the audience sees and the setting for a carefully choreographed and ordered performance. The back region is where all the activity that audience does not see, that is crucial to the front region performance occurs (Monnier, 2010). Symbolic interactions are more related to how people look at things and how their perception affects their behavior. In America it is considered rude to blatantly stare at another individual, in certain parts of Africa, for example, that is not the case. Curiosity is a norm and it is not considered rude to stare (Henslin, 2011). Americans also have a much larger personal space bubble than many other cultures. An American doesn’t stand close enough to a stranger to accidentally brush up against them if they can at all help it. Someone from South America, who is accustomed to standing in close proximity to an individual he/she is conversing with may take offense if the individual they’re speaking to continues to move away. On the other hand, an American will likely feel quite uncomfortable participating in conversation with an individual standing closer than approximately two feet (Henslin). Therefore, symbolic interactions happen without much thought, which is different from dramaturgy, which is a well thought out and prepared way of conducting oneself. Ethnomethodology is the study of how people use their perceived commonsense to make sense out of life (Henslin, 2011). It’s the background assumptions individuals take for granted about the world that determine our behavior in our social life. They are culture driven, unstated rules that people tend to stand by and violate only with risk of offending or concerning others. For instance, a young man would probably not take a first date to a strip club. There’s no written rule covering that issue, but commonsense would tell him that would not be an acceptable behavior. Although ethnomethodology does involve some thought, it still differs from dramaturgy as it is largely influenced by societal norms rather than just what image they’re desiring to portray to others. A recent interaction I had that involved dramaturgical concepts was an appointment with administration at my son, Vinnie’s school regarding his classroom placement for next year. Vinnie tests on the lower end of the reading spectrum and all of his teachers, past and present have commented that he has trouble staying focused and is easily distracted, but never causes any trouble; therefore, he tends to fall through the cracks. Having trouble with his current teacher holding him accountable for work completion has been an issue; therefore, I’m quite concerned about Vinnie’s placement next year. I carefully utilized the back region and prepared a spread sheet of my concerns along with specific examples, and readied myself to express them in a confident, respectful, but determined manner. I’d thought about questions and/or statements that would potentially be posed to me, and prepared as best I could on how to respond appropriately without wavering from the outcome I desired, which was a specific teacher. Along with myself, the Academic Director, Curriculum Specialist, and the Intervention Specialist were present at the ‘front region‘ meeting. Everyone was prepared with appropriate data. I stated my concerns, which were both acknowledged and validated, everyone was extremely courteous and showed appropriate concern for Vinnie and the issues I disclosed. Each person in attendance discussed issues pertaining to their own expertise regarding Vinnie and a consensus was reached. Everyone left the meeting feeling something positive had been accomplished, and each individual’s social performance seemed to accomplish exactly what they’d desired. A deeper sociological significance that resulted is that administration now knows that I am a concerned and very involved parent, but not overtly demanding without reason and/or the willingness to discuss and negotiate. I learned that administration is truly concerned about individual students and will accommodate to the best of their ability in order to ensure the success of each. References Crossman, A. (2012). About. com: Sociology: Dramaturgical perspective. Retrieved from http://sociology. about. com/od/D_Index/g/Dramaturgical-Perspective. htm Henslin, J. M. (2011). Essentials of sociology: A down to earth approach (9th ed. ). Pearson. Monnier, C. (2010). Global Sociology: Social interaction. Retrieved from https:// globalsociology. pbworks. com/w/page/14711252/Social%20Interaction How to cite Dramaturgical Perspective, Essay examples

International managers

Introduction Complex cultural realities are a common phenomenon for global business systems. The paradigm shift of the business world as a result of globalization has resulted in a mixture of cultures that make up a society. For example, the numbers of employees working in international companies has risen in the recent past, bringing the totals to an approximate 73 million people working in foreign companies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is worth noting that in all these business ventures, humans and all that is encompassed in humanity form the bedrock of discourses handling corporate social responsibility, human resource management, corporate governance, and sustainability (Palthe, 2008). Recognizing the importance of the person as a driving force in any organization is very essential. Culture is one of the parameters that define a human person. Ther efore, understanding the different cultures that define the different classes of people has become a rising concern for managers because they need to be aware of the different beliefs, preferences, and values of the different people. This is important for the successful running of any organization and this paper will focus on culture at an international level in the business context. Understanding Culture The definition of culture is very complex as is evident from the various definitions by different scholars. Engelen (2010) denotes that Kluckhohn’s (1951) definition of culture is the most renowned and consists â€Å"in patterned ways of thinking, feeling and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by symbols, making up the discrete achievements of human groups, including their embodiment in artefacts’†. The question whether a society is made up of one culture is very relative because different traditional ideas and their attached values are the fundamental p rinciples of culture. Practically, there is no single society consisting of a single culture in the contemporary society. However, such a society ideally exists, and may have existed, when people lived and were restricted to their specific cultures centuries ago, probably before colonization. In the contemporary world where globalization is the order of the day, a society is made up of numerous cultures and an example is the United States where people from all walks of life with different cultures are found. Hofstede’s Dimensions Hofstede’s dimensions have been at the forefront in describing culture and these have been extensively accepted by management and entrepreneurship scholars for application in the business world (Marino, Strandholm, Steensma Weaver, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different cultures are defined on the basis of these dimensions a nd are used to govern management of international businesses. These dimensions are four and they are used to define different cultures. They are power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity vs. femininity (Hofstede, 1980). Importance of understanding cultural variation in International ventures It is important that international managers effectively manage their human resources because this is regarded as the key to competitive success (Rodrigues, 2009). The human resources are essential factors that keep an organization running, and if poorly managed, the involved organization would be headed for a downfall. The human resources however are influenced by traditional values and norms stemming from the cultural background, which is responsible for shaping the character, beliefs, personality, and behaviour of the human resource fraternity. Decision making is very important in companies and this is greatly affected by poor management of organiza tional variant culture (Parboteeah Cullen, 2011). When effective management and appreciation of cultural variation is lacking in a company, the degree of centralization in that company is very high, and is an impediment to the success of the company. When the structure in an international company is decentralized, then every person in the organization is empowered enough to air out their views and opinions. In so doing, they will be bringing in innovative ideas into the company since idea generation is likely to happen at lower hierarchical levels as indicated by Henard Szymanski (2001). Appreciation of cultural variation leads to cross-functional integration, which is the â€Å"interaction, communication, information-sharing, and coordination across departments in an organization† (Engelen, 2010). Cross-functional integration is very essential during the launch of a new product when all the staff within an organization need to come together and give their views, ideas and opinions on how to bolster the new product. When cultural variation is not accorded the attention it deserves, there is a lot of potential from the employees that goes unrecognized hence untapped due to lack of harmony and poor interpersonal relations within the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural variation also affects the manner in which a company/organization is run. When a manager goes to a foreign land, he or she is expected to run the company in a way that is culturally sensitive to the lives of the local people in the foreign land (Mead Andrew, 2009). This is because issues like culture shock may occur if the international manager just imposes his or her ideas and opinions as borrowed from his/her previous area of work/stay. Consequently, this negatively affects the daily operations of the company/organization. The figure below sh ows the various ways through which culture influences business contexts: Cross-cultural business contexts When international managers fail to address these parameters that are affected by cultural variation, the resultant are the marketing mistakes and communication blunders that define marketing folklore. An example is when Ford’s low-cost truck was marketed using the brand â€Å"Feira†, a Spanish name which apparently means ugly old woman. Caliente was used in Mexico to market the Ford Comet but apparently, this word is a local slang for prostitute (International Culture, 2008). Such misconception can gravely impede the performance and productivity of an organization, and consequently affect the general achievement of the organization’s objectives. Means to Understanding cultural variation by International Managers The first and most important means through which international managers can gain understanding on appreciating cultural variance when running over seas ventures is to learn the different cultures in the area where the venture is located. Hofstede’s dimensions are a means of enabling the managers to be aware of the different cultures that exist. These dimensions can be presented to the managers in form of a model during a workshop as a means to create awareness and show case examples of incidences where cultural variation has affected the success of companies if not handled effectively and professionally. Hofstede’s dimensions provide a means that can be used by international managers in cross-national comparison since national cultures are perceived as core entities that define organizational culture (Shimoni, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Language is another important means that can be used to understand culture in general. An example is that of Chinese and American cultures where differences in language are obvious. Language may be a barrier in such a situation since Chinese mainly speak in Chinese and have to go to class to learn English. The same case applies to the Americans in as far as the Chinese language is concerned. International managers should ensure that a formal language, one that is understood by everyone, is adopted in the organization. This is because speaking the same language by a people with a similar cultural orientation hides the cultural differences that prevail and these differences may gradually accrue to culminate in detrimental effect to the organization. In addition, the use of a common language within an organization facilitates good interpersonal relations (Voigt, 2001). International managers can ensure that cultural variation does not become a threat to the overall productivity of an o rganization through effective management, as well as establishing standards to govern corporate social behaviour (Palthe, 2008). Effective management of human resources within international organizations is achieved by engagement in ethically acceptable activities. A company that upholds such ethical norms is perceived to be socially responsible and is associated with success like high returns due to its ability to attract customers, and recruit great talent and investors (Vance Paik, 2011). The impact of corporate social responsibility is a means through which managers can understand the essence of international cultural variation. Such impact include profitability as indicated in a 2007 Grant Thornton survey of U. S. Business Leaders and Fortune companies, which showed a comparative $2.5 million increased annual revenue in companies with CSR reputation as opposed to those without CSR reputation (Palthe, 2008). When managers witness such impacts, their understanding of cultural va riation and why it should be appreciated is enhanced. The pressure from stakeholders and the general public alike is an impetus drive for international managers to understand the importance of cultural variation. This is because these two groups of people have a heavy input to the success of the business since the public are the customers whereas the stakeholders are the resources that shape up an organization. The success of any international company is dependent of the ability of the international managers to understand their employees in relation to culture. According to Thomas (2000), it was not until two pharmaceutical companies from the same advanced and industrialized world merged, that the involved managers realized the essence of cultural variation in determining the success of international companies. Management cultures are used by international managers as a guide to gain understanding and act in companies in stated time and space. The means by which international manage rs manage the existing cultures within their companies is very important. In an example of Swedish and American companies in Thailand and Israeli, the manner in which the different cultures within the organizations are managed determines the success of the organization. In this example, Thai and Israeli managers review and appraise the management cultures within these multi-national companies instead of simply absorbing them (Cohen 1991; Frenkel Shenhav, 2003). This way, the managers are able to embrace those cultures that are congruent to the companies’ goals and sideline those that appear not to augur with these goals. The result is a hybridization of management, which is not a complete hybrid form, but one which is characterized by temporal and not clearly demarcated boundaries. The Thai offices are governed by local practices that are characterized by harmonious personal relations and maintenance of healthy interpersonal relations. In addition, the corporations’ p ractices are defined as active, assertive and involving every person in the organization. Conclusion The increase in global activity has resulted in the need for international managers to have a clear understanding of culture. This is due to the cultural influence on people’s work and interactions with others. International mergers should develop structures and procedures that are accommodative to both the local and foreign cultures within the organization. The success of any international business venture is dependent on the ability of the involved managers to balance the effect of involved cultures without highly regarding one over another. The human resource workforce in the organization is imperative regardless of hierarchy. International managers should learn to adopt a neutral approach that is not influenced by their own cultural standing when running multi-national organizations. References Cohen, E., (1991). Thai Society in Comparative Perspective. (Collected Essays). Bangkok: White Lotus. Engelen, A. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation as a function of national cultural variations in two countries. Journal of International Management, 16, 354-368. Frenkel, M., Shenhav, Y. (2003). From Americanization to colonization: the diffusion of productivity models revisited. Organization Studies, 24, 1537– 1561. Henard, D., Szymanski, D. (2001). Why some new products are more successful than others. Journal of Marketing Research, 38 (3), 362–375. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. International Culture. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.unice.fr/crookall-cours/iup_cult/_docs/_RUGM_Chapter-05.pdf Kluckhohn, C. (1951). The Study of Culture. In Lerner, D., Lasswell, H. Eds. The Policy Standard, pp. 393–404. Stanford. Marino, L., Strandholm, K., Steensma, K., Weaver, M. (2002). The moderating effect of national culture on the relationship betwe en entrepreneurial orientation and strategic alliance portfolio extensiveness. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26 (4), 145–160. Mead, R., Andrew, T. G. (2009). International Management: Culture and Beyond. 4th ed. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Palthe, J. (2008). Managing Human Rights and Human Resources: The Dual Responsibility of Global Corporations. Forum on Public Policy. Parboteeah, P., Cullen, J. B. (2011). Strategic International Management. 5th ed. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Rodrigues, C. (2009) International Management: A Cultural Approach. 3rd ed. LA: Sage. Shimoni, B. (2011). The representation of cultures in international and cross cultural management: Hybridizations of management cultures in Thailand and Israel. Journal of International Management, 17, 30-41. Thomas, R. J. (2000). Irreconcilable Differences. Accenture Outlook, vol. 1. Vance, C. M., Paik, Y. (2011). Managing a Global Workforce: Challenges and Opportunities in International H uman Resources Management. 2nd ed. New York: Sharpe Incorporated. Voigt, K. (2001). Japanese Firms Want English Competency. Wall Street Journal, B7B. This essay on International managers was written and submitted by user Luciano O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Morality of the Law essays

Morality of the Law essays Civil disobedience is the resistance to unjust laws. Henry David Thoreau sparked this revelation when he wrote Civil Disobedience. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. used many of the ideas of Thoreau to expand on the ideas of civil disobedience when he wrote Letter From Birmingham City Jail. Henry David Thoreau and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. both used civil disobedience as a way to improve the law and require society to abide by higher morals, but in todays society civil disobedience is used solely to change unjust laws while society lowers their moral standards to that of the law. Thoreau wrote Civil Disobedience in response to the American involvement in the Mexican War as well as the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act. He viewed them both as immoral and wrong and he believed that if the law is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law (Thoreau). Thoreau felt this agent of injustice to be America against Mexico in the Mexican War, as well as the slaveholder against his or her slaves by the Fugitive Slave Act. He went so far as to reject the United States government as his government by saying I cannot for an instance recognize that political organization as my government which is the slaves government also (Thoreau). Thoreau also said under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison (Thoreau). This belief that one must break an unjust law and accept the punishment is the main tenet of civil disobedience. Thoreau also said that one must take direct action for change to take place. One must cast [their] whole vote, not just a strip of paper merely, but your whole influence (Thoreau). Thoreau is saying that one cannot just think of doing right, or even believe it. They must take direct action. Only through direct act...

Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds Example Problem

Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds Example Problem This problem demonstrates how to predict the molecular formulas of ionic compounds. Problem Predict the formulas of the ionic compounds formed by the following elements: lithium and oxygen (Li and O)nickel and sulfur (Ni and S)bismuth and fluorine (Bi and F)magnesium and chlorine (Mg and Cl) Solution First, look at the locations of the elements on the periodic table. Atoms in the same column as each other (group) tend to exhibit similar characteristics, including the number of electrons the elements would need to gain or lose to resemble the nearest noble gas atom. To determine common ionic compounds formed by elements, keep the following in mind: Group I ions (alkali metals) have 1 charges.Group 2 ions (alkaline earth metals) have 2 charges.Group 6 ions (nonmetals) have -2 charges.Group 7 ions (halides) have -1 charges.There is no simple way to predict the charges of the transition metals. Look at a table listing charges (valences) for possible values. For introductory and general chemistry courses, the 1, 2, and 3 charges are most often used. When you write the formula for an ionic compound, remember that the positive ion is always listed first. Write down the information you have for the usual charges of the atoms and balance them to answer the problem. Lithium has a 1 charge and oxygen has a -2 charge, therefore2 Li ions are required to balance 1 O2- ion.Nickel  has a charge of 2 and sulfur has a -2 charge, therefore1 Ni 2 ion is required to balance 1 S2- ion.Bismuth has a 3 charge and Fluorine has a -1 charge, therefore1 Bi3 ion is required to balance 3 F- ions.Magnesium has a 2 charge and chlorine has a -1 charge, therefore1 Mg2 ion is required to balance 2 Cl- ions. Answer Li2ONiSBiF3MgCl2 The charges listed above for atoms within groups are the common charges, but you should be aware that the elements sometimes take on different charges. See the table of the valences of the elements for a list of the charges that the elements have been known to assume.

Stakeholder Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stakeholder Approach - Essay Example This paper explains the needs assessment and the procedure involved and also what entails stakeholder approach. Each of the named individual and groups has varying roles and interests in the organization. Owners are interested in the profit function of the particular business. They also have a bigger say on the decisions of the key objectives. If in any case the owners only major their interest on the profits and do not consider the wages of employees they may end up losing very skilled personnel. Managers on the other hand are interested with their pay. Employees are also concerned since they desire to see the organization prosper so that their job is secured and their wages increased. Customers on the other hand want the organization to produce quality products at fair and affordable prices. If for instance any business does not pay attention to the needs of their customers, it may end up losing sales to their competitors. The Community gains since the local people are the ones who are employed but is also concerned with how the operations of the organization affect the local environment. Stakeholder analysis refers to variety of techniques and ways that are used in identifying and understanding the needs and expectations of all major parties that is both in the inside and the outside of an organization. This plays a major role in planning for any projects and training process. In any proposed project there happens to be supporters as well as opponents. Understanding the interrelationships between these two parties is necessary in project implementation and the systematic planning involved. It is therefore important to analyze stakeholder’s interests despite the sides they are in that are for the opponents and supporters. Some of the reasons as to why it is important to identify and analyze stakeholder’s interests are: (1) Achievement of fair deals. This is because all the

Why I deserve this scholarship Personal Statement

Why I deserve this scholarship - Personal Statement Example Due to the economic meltdown, I found myself currently unemployed and struggling financially. I am a single mother of three children and we are on public assistance. It did bother me a lot to find myself in this troubling circumstance yet it was not a moment to lose hope. It occurred to me that being on public assistance would not do good in the long run so I returned to school to get my AS in Criminal Justice. These prompted me to seek this scholarship. It would be of great help as I wouldn't be having problems on paying for the books, student's loans, or other school necessities. It would be a happy blessing if I would be able to win this scholarship. Be rest assured that this is not only for my personal gain, this scholarship would pave way for me to serve my country in a more efficient and quality-oriented manner. I would strive to be the best student that I could be and be worthy of such opportunity.

Business Plan For The Mead Johnson Nutritional Company Marketing Essay

Business Plan For The Mead Johnson Nutritional Company Marketing Essay An action research was sponsored by Mead Johnson in collaboration with NGO to access its efficacy in terms of increasing weight of infants of weaning age in urban slums of Dhaka city capital of Bangladesh. The findings of the study states that Infants weaned on ENFAMIL had more weight and length gained compared to control group Mothers attitude and infants acceptance of ENFAMIL was satisfactory. Storage pests (insects) were found on in one batch of weaning packets. Now Mead Johnson wants to access the acceptance of ENFAMIL in terms of its price, packaging, taste/quality among middle and lower middle class families. In the context of the current maturity of the market and the strategic options available, it is first necessary to assess whether the company is marketing the right product form the point of view of the consumers. Hence evaluation of the product is necessary. The specific objectives of the research are to assess consumer evaluation in the broad areas of: Packaging Product Price The end objective is to identify areas that need to be strengthened and also the existing strength areas that can be exploited. Start up summary Start-up costs of Mead Johnson consist of legal costs, research, Manpower, marketing/promotion product is to fund start-up expenses with Companys reserved fund, owner investments and a long-term business loan. Product Testing- ENFAMIL Research Budget Item Unit Cost Total (Taka) Sample product 818 150.00 122,700.00 Consultancy fee 2 8,500.00 17,000.00 Team leader and key members 8 8,000.00 64,000.00 Field Work Supervisor cum Data Quality Controllers 16 5,000.00 80,000.00 Data Collectors 40 3,000.00 120,000.00 Study Coordinator 2 7,000.00 14,000.00 Controller of Field Operation 4 6,000.00 24,000.00 Focus group discussion 64 300.00 19,200.00 In-depth interview 20 500.00 10,000.00 Data Analyst 2 9,000.00 18,000.00 Daily allowance 40 120.00 4,800.00 Particulars 2,000.00 2,000.00 Printing of Data Collection Instrument 5,000.00 5,000.00 Stationary 4,550.00 4,550.00 Photocopying and binding of reports 2,750.00 2,750.00 Pre-testing of Data Collection instrument 3,000.00 3,000.00 Total expenditure 511,000.00 Source of Capital : The source of capital is as follows: Funded by company 45% 270000.00 Owners investment- 20% 120000.00 Loan from Bank- 35% 210000.00 Total Capital: 600000.00 RESOURCES REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATION: Physical resources: The physical resources of this project will be include all essentials office equipments such as, computers, phone and fax, internet connection for data transfer, data collecting equipment. The costs of the physical resources Taka 140,000.00 (  £1320.00) PHYSICAL RESOURCES UNIT TOTAL COSTS Sample product 818 122700.00 Printing of Data Collection Instrument 2 5000.00 Particular 10 2000.00 Pre-testing of Data Collection instrument 5 3000.00 Stationary 7300.00 Total 140,000.00   Human Resources: POSITIONS NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES Administrative Assistant 1 Team Leader and key members 8 Supervisors cum Quality controllers 16 Data collector 40 Study Coordinator 2 Controller of Field Operation 4 TOTAL 71 Initially there will be a Team Leader who is responsible for the operational work. One will be an administrative assistant who will deal with all the paper work and who will take care of the administration duties. The remaining people will be divided into few groups. After taking all the necessary information members of the each group will forward these information to team leader to processing the activities. Financial Resources: The funding and investments for this project will be received from the companys own fund, owners personal investment and loan from the Banks. Research budget with sample products initial expenses is taka 511,000.00 (  £4820.00) RESEARCH DESIGN The research design is essentially a concept cum usage test. The details are discussed in turn. New product development: The development of original products, product improvements, product modifications, and new brands through the firms own RD efforts. The major criteria of new development are written below with a short description: Idea generation:The systematic search for new product ideas- Idea screening:Screening new product ideas in order to spot good ideas and drop poor ones as soon as possible. Product concept:A detailed version of the new product idea started in meaningful consumer terms. Concept testing:Testing new product concepts with group of target consumers to find out if the concepts have strong consumer appeal. Product development is a major part on marketing. The RD of any company does the mainly product development. In Bangladesh Mead Johnson havent have any RD departments. Mother company of Mead Johnson well known non-government social organization have innovated the product according to the consumer need, and analyzing the segment, culture and the other part of marketing. Study Design We have conducted a house-to-house random survey using structured questionnaires through personal interview. In our case Monadic test design as followed i.e. each respondent would tried one test product only. Prior to the main quantitative survey qualitative exploration was done through Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The opinions were collected in following sequence in the main survey: Selection of Respondents Discussion on need need gaps on weaning food Introduction to concept reactions thereof Product placement Reactions to product Reaction to price METHODOLOGY The agency proposed a house-to-house random survey to be conducted using a structured questionnaire through personal interview. In this case Monadic test design would be followed i.e. each respondent would try one test product only. Hence, we propose to place the product to the respondents for a period of 15 days after which their opinion on the product will be gathered. During this period they will use the product as suggested. Prior to doing the quantitative product test 8 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) will be conducted to have an in-depth understanding of the choice factors and to generate consumer vocabulary for the same.  ­Ã‚ ­ Measuring tools to used For rating on choice factors an 11-point scale (0-10) was used. Consumers will give mark out of ten. This scale has equality of interval properly and is reliable. This is also closest to reality because consumers are familiar with this scale and can easily rate on any factor. Sampling Universe Considering the geographic spread the Company has proposed that the following towns would be covered in the study. Dhaka( Capital city ) Chittagong Rangpur Syhlett In sum, the sampling universe for this study is all households having infants aged 4 to 10 months belonging to socio-economic classes B and C (appendix) in the selected towns. Sample Size Qualitative (FGD) Quantitative Metro: Dhaka 2 156 Large: Chittagong 2 85 Medium:Rajshahi 2 84 Small: Syhlett 2 84 Total 8 409 The allocation of sample size across the selected towns was done on the basis of sampling error ranges and also of heterogeneity of households within the town classes. For larger towns higher numbers of samples were covered to capture its diversity/ heterogeneity. In all there were a total of 8 FGDs and subsequently 409 respondents for quantitative study. Standard error ranges for different percentage estimates at the 95 % level of confidence based on simple random sample size. Sampling Technique We followed a multi stage, stratified sampling method to ensure representative samples. Within a town, households were selected by the Random Route technique (Cluster sampling). In each cluster/ area (smallest urban unit) 5 households were covered. Thus a total of 17-31 clusters/ areas were covered in each town, depending on sampling size. Target Group As mentioned, ENFAMIL targets the middle class and lower middle class consumers. Middle and lower middle class consumers are more concentrated in the urban towns than in the semi-urban towns or rural villages and hence urban target consumers are more accessible to the marketers for a new brand. Therefore, this study would be limited to urban towns only. Hence, primary target segment for ENFAMIL is all the households of the urban towns having at least one child between 5 to 10 months age and belonging to the middle and lower middle class. Time Plan for the Study Weeks Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sample Survey Preparatory Work for Sample Survey Instrumental Development Field Briefing, Training Field Work For Sampling Survey Data Entry Analysis for Sample Survey Reporting Focus Group Discussion Desk Research for the program Training Module Preparatory Work Collection of Reports, documents and historical Data Reporting Draft Report Final Report Head of the household The analysis of the respondents is given center-wise and on the basis of socio-economic classification. Standard market research classification of income is provided below. Center SEC Age of the Child (In Month) Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Syhlett SEC B SEC C 5-8 Months 8+ Month Total Total 156 85 84 84 188 221 218 191 409 1. Less than Tk 3000 15% 9% 13% 4% 4% 17% 12% 10% 11% 2. Tk 3001-4000 21% 20% 35% 14% 12% 30% 23% 21% 22% 3. Tk 4001-5000 18% 26% 31% 26% 20% 27% 22% 26% 24% 4. Tk 5001-6000 11% 14% 6% 19% 13% 11% 10% 15% 12% 5. Tk 6001-7000 10% 8% 6% 13% 14% 5% 9% 10% 10% 6. Tk 7001-8000 6% 5% 6% 4% 9% 2% 5% 6% 5% 7. Above Tk 8000 19% 18% 4% 20% 27% 6% 20% 11% 16% Mean Score (In Taka) 7199 6682.9 48649.4 6567.9 8422.5 4834.4 6968.5 5930.4 6483.7 Table : Monthly disposable income In majority of the market research projects we consider disposable monthly family income (DMFI). This is the amount of total earning of the family left after paying house rent, if any. This is a very good indicator of purchasing power. Needless to mention, average DMFI of the residents of Dhaka is more. And, quite obviously respondents belonging to SEC B had higher DMFI than their SEC C counterparts. However in all the centers, barring Dhaka, majority of respondents live in own houses especially at Chittagong and Syhlett (around 76-87%). In Dhaka 77% of the respondents live in rented houses paying an average house rent of Taka 574 per month. Family Size Number of Children The respondents had standard family size in most cases ranging from 4.7 to 6.2. In other words the average family size was 5.3. The following table will give an idea about the number of children the respondents have. Table: Family Size Center SEC Age of the Child (In Month) Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Syhlett SEC B SEC C 5-8 Months 8+ Month Total Total 156 85 84 84 188 221 218 191 409 Mean Score 4.7 5.9 5 6.2 5.6 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.3 List of Children Boy Girl List of Children Boy Girl 05 Months 16% 10% 08 Years 12% 12% 06 Months 13% 17% 09 Years 8% 7% 07 Months 12% 13% 10 Years 6% 8% 08 Months 10% 15% 11 Years 3% 6 09 Months 18% 17% 12 Years 6% 4% 10 Months 30% 28% 13 Years 2% 1% 01 Year *% *% 14 Years 1% 3% 02 Years 4% 3% 15 Years 2% 1% 03 Years 6% 9% 16 Years 1% -% 04 Years 11% 9% 17 Years -% *% 05 Years 12% 16% 18 Years *% -% 06 Years 11% 13% 07 Years 4% 6% Total 207 202 On an average the respondents have two children. Among the 409 respondents interviewed 298 had children below 8 months and 191 had children above 8 months on the basis of which they were selected. The Respondent 99% of the respondents were housewives. The respondents were primarily young and 65% of them belong to the age group of 18 to 25 years whereas rests are between 26 to 35 years. able: Occupation of the Respondent Center SEC Age of the Child (In Month) Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Syhlett SEC B SEC C 5-8 Months 8+ Month Total Total 156 85 84 84 188 221 218 191 409 1. Housewife 99% 100% 98% 100% 98% 100% 99% 99% 99% 2. Student -% 1% -% 2% 2% -% -% 2% 1% 3. Part time job -% 1% 2% 1% 2% *% 1% 1% 1% 4. Full time job 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 5. Others 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% *% *% 2% 1% INFORMATION AREA CONCEPT PACKAGING PRODUCT status motive needs. overall measures -Likeability Uniqueness -Nutrition -Modernity -Overall rating -Attractiveness Attractiveness -Physical appearance (looks, granularity, etc.) -Dynamism -Intention to try -Uniqueness Pack size -Preparation convenience (easy to mix with water, does not form lump, etc.) -Friendliness -Intention to use regularly -Credibility Packshape/Graphics/Design/ color -Taste, aroma, etc -Age Information Literature/information -Storage convenience -Trustworthiness Overall acceptability Ability to preserve content -Longevity, not forming lump -Premium Usefulness of information given on the pack Insect growth, etc. -Sophisticated Credibility of information Can be mixed with milk, soup, etc. -Natural/fresh Usage Experience Majority of the respondents (61%) had consumed almost both the packets given for usage. Some 27% had consumed at least one packet in the 15 days, the time given to them to try the product. During this time phase, on average the product was given two times daily to the child mixed with only water (about average of 253ml) in most cases (69%). About 26% of the mothers had also mixed sugar or other items with ENFAMIL. Hot water was preferred most by the respondents (79%), whereas 14% used tepid water. DIAGNOSTIC OF PERFORMANCE: It is clear that the respondents had adequate product experience. Their views on the product therefore are meaningful. We first examine the overall performance indicators of the product. For this we shall consider three indicators- Intention to regular use, Intention to try, and overall rating. Of these three, intention to regular use is the strongest indicator as it expresses the probability of buying and using the product. Intention to try comes next. And overall rating is the third most important indicator as it signifies how much the product is liked Spontaneous Reaction On exposure to the concept the respondents were asked to express their feeling about good or bad. The major reactions are shown below: Center SEC % Reactions Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Syhlett SEC B SEC C TOTAL Childs health will remain good if fed along with breast milk 41 45 42 7 36 34 35 Liked the literature which states this is necessary along with breast milk 25 12 13 8 11 21 16 Child will get nutrition 29 6 6 7 13 17 15 Has Vitamin 17 12 15 8 14 14 14 Literature gives Impression that it will be a quality product 3 22 4 17 12 9 10 Balanced diet 13 7 8 4 9 10 9 Helps in rapid 10 16 6 4 9 10 9 Base: 156 85 84 84 188 221 409 At a top of mind level, childs health has registered most. It is understood that if fed along side continued breast-feeding ENFAMIL would ensure good health. It nutrition, being balanced diet, and helping in babys growth have also registered moderately. Likes and dislikes of the concept The respondents were also asked to describe what they liked and disliked of the concept. Only about 2% had any dislike while all had one or more likes of the concept. The major likings are picture of the baby (70%), literature on childs food requirement (26%), the packet (21%). MARKETING MIX Attempting to target relatively high-priced offerings to rural families on the margins of the cash economy, or to the poorest of the urban poor, is simply bad marketing. But Mead Johnson developed this new brand of ENFAMIL so that middle class families can purchase this product at a lower price but meet nutritional demands for infants. The next section will emphasize the 4Ps of ENFAMIL: Product: Nature of product: ENFAMIL milk-based, lactose-free, iron fortified infant formula for first 12 months. Product Features: The only lactose-free, milk-based formula, which includes LIPIL, a unique blend of DHA and ARA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lactose-free and sucrose-free No sucrose (table sugar) Nutrition value: NUTRIENTS (Normal Dilution) Per 100 Calories (5 fl oz)   Protein, g 2.1   Fat, g 5.3   Carbohydrate, g 10.9   Water, g 134   Linoleic acid, mg 860 Vitamins   Ã‚  Vitamin A, IU 300   Ã‚  Vitamin D, IU 60   Ã‚  Vitamin E, IU 2   Ã‚  Vitamin K,  µg 8   Ã‚  Thiamin (Vitamin B1),  µg 80   Ã‚  Riboflavin (Vitamin B2),  µg 140   Ã‚  Vitamin B6,  µg 60   Ã‚  Vitamin B12,  µg 0.3   Ã‚  Niacin,  µg 1000   Ã‚  Folic acid (Folacin),  µg 16   Ã‚  Pantothenic acid,  µg 500   Ã‚  Biotin,  µg 3   Ã‚  Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid), mg 12   Ã‚  Choline, mg 12   Ã‚  Inositol, mg 6   Minerals   Ã‚  Calcium, mg 82   Ã‚  Phosphorus, mg 55   Ã‚  Magnesium, mg 8   Ã‚  Iron, mg 1.8   Ã‚  Zinc, mg 1   Ã‚  Manganese,  µg 15   Ã‚  Copper,  µg 75   Ã‚  Iodine,  µg 15   Ã‚  Selenium,  µg 2.8   Ã‚  Sodium, mg 30   Ã‚  Potassium, mg 110   Ã‚  Chloride, mg 67   Core value the product is giving to its customer: Enfamil the first infant formula in all over the globe, which contains the nutrients DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and ARA (arachidonic acid). Also naturally found in breast milk, DHA and ARA have been clinically shown to support infant brain and eye development. Performance of the Pack Likes and dislikes, attribute rating, and overall rating of the pack are examined below to assess the packs acceptability. Overall rating: The rating on the pack on overall was collected on a 7.0-point scale. The ratings are as below. %all Very Poor to moderate 1 Good 2 Very Good 36 Excellent 1 Mean Score (1-7) 6.6 The pack is excellent on overall consideration. Hence it is quite obvious that it would have few dislikes. Price: Prior to exposure to the stipulated price, an effort was made to identify the price most suitable for the brand, via Psychological Monetary Demand (PMD) technique. The respondents were offered a range of price from Tk. 100 to 200 with and increment of Tk. 5, and asked above which price, and at which price or below they would not purchase the brand. The analysis provides the proportion of the target group willing to purchase ENFAMIL at each price level and corresponding monetary demand. For a marketer profit maximization is likely to occur at the highest level of monetary demand. The analysis depicts that maximum monetary gain can be ensured if the price of ENFAMIL is at Tk. 75. Above this price proportion of buyers and monetary value of sales fall drastically. On the other hand, if the objective is to maximize number of users, one can reduce the price down to the level of Tk. 60. Beyond this, interested buyers will be fewer. Price Market price line ENFAMIL @ TK 75 TIME Figure: market penetration strategy Demand pattern According to the market dynamics, the demand for consumable products depends on the price factor along with other related factors i.e. test and preferences, nature of the product, and economic condition of the target customers. After analyzing the market pattern and relationship of price to quantity through sample survey questionnaire the following demand pattern was observed. The analysis provides the proportion of the target group willing to purchase ENFAMIL at each price level and corresponding monetary demand. For a marketer profit maximization is likely to occur at the highest level of monetary demand. Proportion of consumers Monetary Demand Price (%)willing to buy (Assuming pop=100) Tk.50 67 3337 Tk.55 76 4135 Tk.60 83 4958 Tk.65 83 5419 Tk.70 82 5716 Tk.75 82 6125 Tk.80 69 5535 Tk.85 60 5071 Tk.90 46 4137 Tk.95 42 4018 Tk.100 17 1711 Tk.105 15 1540 Tk.110 10 1103 Tk.115 9 1012 Tk.120 0 0 The analysis depicts that maximum monetary gain can be ensured if the price of ENFAMIL is at Taka 75.00 Above this price proportion of buyers and monetary value of sales fall drastically. On the other hand, if the objective is to maximize number of users, one can reduce the price down to the level of Taka. 60.00 Beyond this, interested buyers will be fewer. Thus it can be concluded that the demand for baby food ENFAMIL is elastic. Place : The nature of distribution of the product and the market accessibility also plays a major role after generating awareness of the product among the target customers. If the customers dont have the product at the right place at the right moment than there exists the possibility that those customers will switch to another brand and have bitter experience while purchasing the product . To reverse the effect of the above situation the company should use both direct marketing and indirect marketing channels to promote ENFAMIL. For distributing ENFAMIL the company should use following methods Manufacturer Wholesaler Retailers Customers Manufacturer Customers Manufacturer Pharmacy Customers 1) 2) 3) Figure: Distribution channels Promotion The range of promotional activities available to todays manufacturer or companies can be overwhelming. The promotional action plan for ENFAMIL is listed below. Advertising Newspaper, Billboard, Electronic media: Radio TV Public relation- Social activities, Sponsorship, Awareness campaign about the benefits of baby food product Direct marketing- Promoting via doctors through medical representatives ENFAMIL is very new in the market it requires specific events such as the launch of an advertising campaign or a press conference to announce the launching of the new product. In other cases promotional activities necessarily be required for the NGO to carry out in different local government and private hospitals, clinics, pharmacies and aware rural, urban middle to lower middle class families about the product. In other cases promotional activities involve putting various elements into place for the long term, such as training salespeople for directing marketing to promote this product via doctors through medical representatives. In all cases, it is important to integrate companys promotion efforts; doing so can decrease costs and increase communication effectiveness. SALES FORCAST The sales forecast has been done in three levels. First level depicts optimistic forecast if all other factors affecting sales are favorable. The second level of sales forecast is based on normal ongoing condition of the economy and the next level of forecast is done based on the pessimistic approach. YEARLY ESTIMATED DEMAND Price remains fixed as the product is price elastics Quantity demanded (units in hundreds) Economic condition Portion of Expected customer (assumption) Sales forecast (Units in hundreds ) TK 75.00 6125 Optimistic 90% 5512 TK 75.00 6125 Normal 75% 4593 TK 75.00

Pros and Cons of a Military School Essay

By Jenna Brooklyn There are many positive benefits for your teenager should they attend a military school. But, like most things in life, there can be a downside as well. Here is a report explaining what’s good and bad about study in a military high school. To start with if your teen is in trouble with serious health issues or a major attitude problem, they stand little or no chance of being accepted. Military schools today set very high academic standards. They are not therapy centers for kids with problems. Two of their major goals are to produce students able to enter prestigious colleges and/or join the military. If your child is a clever but lazy student, a military school has much to offer. There is a packed academic program with compulsory and supervised homework and extra study sessions. But if your child is not strong academically they may struggle to match the high expectations. Discipline is a major part of a military environment. If your teen is lazy and disrespectful they will get a serious jolt in a military school. They will be out of bed at 0600 hours, they will make their bed and tidy their possessions, and they will be on the parade ground and exercising before breakfast. This type of lifestyle could change your teen’s attitude to life. Of course a military school is a residential facility and while students are allowed to attend approved activities in the local town, things like taking a part-time job in the grocery store are simply not an option. There is a full extra-curricula program at a military school with plenty of time for artistic pursuits and outdoor education. This means your child is getting an all-round education and enjoying their schooling at the same time. Opportunities for leadership roles are many and varied in a military education. If your child requires a challenge and enjoys being a leader, they will develop their talents and be truly extended in such a school. It is ideal for developing the total person. If as a parent you are looking to a military school to mollycoddle your child, you will be disappointed. It’s much more a shape up or ship out approach from the school. If your child chooses to disobey and fails to complete tasks, the school will not spend a great deal of time and effort in whipping them into line. The student may be expelled. A military school wants excellent results from its students and those who won’t or can’t perform are likely to be shown the door. Those who do work hard are sure to be well rewarded and for life. College entrance is likely and if a career in the military is required, this type of secondary education is perfect for such a move. A military school is a community where teamwork and bonding is part of every day life. If this suits your child, fine. If your child is a loner and doesn’t like a regimented and disciplined lifestyle, then a military school is not for them. If you’re looking to find more information about military school and its environment, do check out Military Schools for Boys. Or if you need expert advice on what is the best program for your teen fill out this online form.

Good College Application Essay Topics at a Glance

Good College Application Essay Topics at a Glance The Benefits of Good College Application Essay Topics You could also get assistance from a professional who knows just what the scholarship committee is searching for. Many applicants don't make the most of the essaythey choose the incorrect question, write about an inappropriate subject, or only fail to assemble a compelling essay. A lot of the colleges and universities that accept the Coalition application require that you submit a minumum of one essay as a portion of your application. Facts, Fiction and Good College Application Essay Topics Plenty of people never learn to compose essays, and they miss out on opportunities as an outcome. Tell us a topic which you have changed your head on in the last three decades. Select a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make sure that you know a lot about it! Whilst some college essay ideas are typical, others are just used too often. If you are in possession of a plethora of work to finish, utilizing an effortless essay structure and topic can genuinely help. A good deal of times you may have to compose a personal essay. Part of the way to earn a very good essay is being unique and thinking beyond the box. It is possible to also speak about personal goals you've got for yourself. Colleges are seeking curious students, that are thoughtful concerning the world good them. Students know the best way to be creative. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. As soon as you place your purchase, you don't need to worry. If you have made the decision to apply, then you have to look to find out more on the admission procedure, to be able to evaluate your likelihood for entering the program. An admissions officer is quite a bit more likely to bear in mind an applicant who has quite a specific essay written in a sp ecial and quirky way. Plan to select the test so that colleges will get your scores by the deadline. The Good College Application Essay Topics Cover Up So make sure that you write on something which depicts your perspective. There isn't a prompt to direct you, which means you must ask yourself the questions that will get at the center of the story that you want to tell. When you compose a resume for the very first time, it may take you some time to put everything in order and create your CV seem presentable. Second issue is they can support you later with your queries college you've got. The Benefits of Good College Application Essay Topics Individual schools sometimes need supplemental essays. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is merely a form essay. The sports essay is predictable and ought to be avoided, if at all possible. Writing the college application essay is a challenging gig. Most colleges supply you with the topic for the essay. There is an assortment of subjects that are acceptable for a college essay application. If you avoid all scholarships like an essay prompt, you can lose out on major scholarship money. There are lots of scholarships which don't require an essay. Top Good College Application Essay Topics Secrets Colleges want to find a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. They are not looking for perfect people. They want to get to know more about you. They are more likely to admit students who can articulate specific reasons why the school is a good fit for them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. One of the absolute most important facets of a college application essay is the title and subject. If you don't understand how to begin your essay or where to search for supporting data, we'll be happy to help you. It is very important to select an appropriate topic in order for your paper can shine. If you're applying to a college that doesn't accept the Common App, you will have to answer their precise essay questions. There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are quite interested in how you are going to deal with the subsequent four years all on your own. Note you do not need to have solved the issue, and a few of the greatest essays will explore problems that have to be solved later on.

Should Students Get Their Education Abroad - 870 Words

Should Students Get Their Education Abroad? It is predicted that 4.1 million pupils are getting their education abroad (Staines, 3013). Students who are concerned about having a better future will choose to have a better education. Thus, they want to improve their knowledge through studying in developed countries. However, some researches has shown that a lot of people don t like the idea of international education. Circumstantial causes, security and prices worries and other personal aspects are reasons why some people don t prefer the idea of international education. In my opinion, I think students should get external education because it will lead a better job, increase students creativity, and obtain better learning of English. Leading a better job is one of the reason why students should get their study abroad. Those students who get their education outside have the tendency to be clearer about the life and career decisions they want. 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